Guides / Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Citing
Citation Basics

Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Citing: A Practical Guide

How to decide which technique fits a given source, and how to execute each one without slipping into plagiarism.

Quoting and paraphrasing aren't interchangeable — each fits different situations, and getting the choice (and execution) right is what separates a smoothly integrated source from an awkward, citation-heavy paragraph.

Deciding Which to Use

Use a direct quote when…Use a paraphrase when…
The exact wording is distinctive or preciseYou just need the idea, not the phrasing
You're quoting a definition or legal/technical languageThe original wording is dense or jargon-heavy
The source's authority comes from who said itYou're integrating the idea into your own argument

How to Quote Correctly

  1. Copy the wording exactly, including original punctuation and spelling
  2. Enclose it in quotation marks (or block-quote indent if 40+ words in APA, or 4+ lines in MLA)
  3. Add the in-text citation with a page number immediately after
  4. Introduce the quote with your own sentence — never drop a quote into the paragraph with no lead-in
As Diaz (2022) explains, "remote work fundamentally restructures how teams build trust" (p. 12).

How to Paraphrase Correctly

  1. Read the passage, then look away from it
  2. Write the idea in your own words and sentence structure, from memory
  3. Compare your version against the original to confirm you haven't accidentally mirrored its structure
  4. Add the citation — paraphrases need citations just as much as quotes do

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Blending Quote and Paraphrase

You can paraphrase most of a sentence while quoting just a key phrase — this is a common and effective technique when only part of the original wording is worth preserving exactly.

Diaz (2022) argues that remote teams develop what she calls "trust without proximity," built through consistent, smaller interactions rather than shared physical space.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it okay to quote a quote — a source quoting another source?

Use the "as cited in" format your style provides, and try to find the original source if possible rather than relying on secondhand quotation.

How long can a direct quote be?

There's no fixed cap, but quotes longer than a sentence or two should be rare — your essay should be driven by your own analysis, with quotes used sparingly for specific effect.

Do summaries need citations the same way quotes and paraphrases do?

Yes — see our guide on types of citations in essays for how summary fits alongside quoting and paraphrasing.