Home / Citation guides
Citation guides
How to format in-text citations and reference lists in the major styles, with examples you can copy.
Citation styles
Full guides to each major referencing style.
- APA 7th Edition Citation GuideIn-text citations, reference entries for the sources students use most, and the paper formatting rules for APA 7th edition student papers.
- Harvard Referencing: In-Text Citations and Reference List ExamplesHow Harvard referencing works as commonly taught in UK universities: in-text citations, reference list entries for books, articles, chapters and websites, and how it differs from APA.
- IEEE Citation Style GuideHow IEEE numbered citations work in the text, how to format the reference list, and examples for journal articles, conference papers, books, websites, standards and theses.
- MHRA Referencing: Footnotes, Short Forms and BibliographyHow MHRA footnotes and bibliography entries work, with examples for books, chapters, journal articles and websites, plus the punctuation rules that trip students up.
- MLA 9th Edition Citation GuideThe core elements behind every MLA citation, author-page in-text citations, Works Cited examples and the basic paper format.
- OSCOLA Referencing: Footnotes, Cases, Statutes and ExamplesHow OSCOLA 4th edition works for UK law essays: footnotes, cases with neutral citations, statutes, books, articles, EU sources, Hansard, short forms and the bibliography.
- Vancouver Referencing GuideHow Vancouver numbered citations work, how to lay out the reference list, and examples for journal articles, books, chapters, websites, reports and theses.
How to cite specific sources
Books, journal articles, websites, dissertations and in-text citations.
- APA in-Text Citations: A Complete Guide to the 7th EditionEvery APA 7th in-text citation rule you are likely to need: authors, groups, quotations, missing details, secondary sources, personal communications and multiple works.
- Chicago Author-Date Style: In-Text Citations and Reference ListHow Chicago author-date citations work in the text and the reference list, with examples for journal articles, books, chapters and websites.
- Chicago Notes and Bibliography Citation GuideHow to write full and shortened footnotes, format a bibliography and handle books, articles, chapters and websites in Chicago notes style.
- How to Avoid Plagiarism in Academic WritingThe main types of plagiarism, including patchwriting, self-plagiarism and collusion, how similarity reports work, AI rules and a habit-by-habit plan to keep your work original.
- How to Cite a Book in APA, MLA, Chicago and HarvardReference and in-text formats for whole books, multiple authors, edited and translated books, chapters in edited collections and ebooks, in the four main styles.
- How to Cite a Dissertation or ThesisReference-list and in-text formats for published and unpublished dissertations and theses in APA 7th, MLA 9th, Chicago, Harvard, IEEE and Vancouver, with one example source throughout.
- How to Cite a Journal Article in APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, IEEE and VancouverOne journal article cited in seven styles, side by side, with in-text examples, the details you need to collect and fixes for tricky cases.
- How to Cite a WebsiteWebsite citations in APA 7th, MLA 9th, Harvard and Chicago, with fixes for missing authors, missing dates and pages that change.
Nothing matches that search. Try a shorter word.
Need a custom paper?
Send your prompt and rubric. A writer matched to your subject writes your paper from scratch, with free revisions.
Order Now